• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The present invention relates to a method and an induction furnace for continuously melting fine metal particles or metal containing particles. The metal particles are fed from the top onto the melt placed in the vessel of the furnace. In the upper region the melt undergoes a mixing motion through an alternating magnetic field by a first magnetic coil (crucible coil) 11 surrounding the vessel of the furnace. At the same time the melt is heated in the lower region of the melt channel 13 around the iron core 16 of the low frequency transformer with a shorted secondary winding.
    公开号:KR20010040915A
    申请号:KR1020007008823
    申请日:1999-01-22
    公开日:2001-05-15
    发明作者:한스 베버；유안 팬리히；귄터 필립스
    申请人:프리드헬름 폼베르그；인두가 인두스트리에외펜 운트 기제라이-안라겐 게엠베하 운트 코. 카게；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    FIELD OF THE INVENTION METHOD AND INDUCTION FURNACE FOR MELTING A METALLIC OR METAL-CONTAINING BULK MATERIAL IN THE SHAPE OF SMALL PIECES
    According to the prior art, two types of induction furnaces are known for melting fine metal particles and / or metal containing particles such as chips generated by machining. Both types of induction furnaces use magnetic induction.
    Generally, metal chips, such as brass chips, are melted in an induction crucible furnace consisting of a heat resistant crucible surrounded by a water-cooled copper coil. Such coils are energized with alternating current to generate alternating magnetic fields in the crucible charge to be melted. The alternating magnetic field thus generated draws metal particles from the top by violently mixing the melt. In this way, oil-covered metal chips are quickly drawn into the melt, thereby minimizing all forms of metal loss and minimizing the generation of addictive carbon compounds.
    Since the current of the magnetic coil and the melt is generated by the strength of the magnetic field induced along the axis of the cylinder, the upper surface of the melt becomes convex. The slag itself is looped around the upper surface of the melt on the inner wall of the furnace, and the thickness of the slag ring becomes smaller as the melt moves faster.
    As a result of this process, the crucible furnace has the following disadvantages:
    First, since the thermal efficiency of a crucible furnace is relatively low, specific energy consumption becomes large. In addition, the crucible furnace can only be operated in batches. Once the crucible furnace is filled, the melt must be drained before additional metal is melted. This fact results in downtime, which significantly reduces the capacity of the device.
    As a result of deposition on the walls of the crucible, substantial cleaning should be done. Finally, the deposition of slack on the walls of the crucible results in excessive loss in efficiency.
    One variant is the so-called channel furnace in which the melt is received in a closed channel around the iron core of a low frequency transformer. By forming the secondary winding with the melt shorted, heat is generated by the high current flowing through the melt. In such channel-type furnaces, there is a risk of scorching of the metal if the metal particles placed on top of the melt are exposed to an oxidizing atmosphere by mixing the melt. Plungers or mixers can be used to reduce this scouring of metals, but this requires technical costs. Although the thermal efficiency to the channel is significant, only a small amount of melt can be processed since mechanical mixing requires considerable time. In general, only about 30% of the melt can be made of metallic scrap chips to achieve acceptable efficiency. Even so, like crucible furnaces, channel furnaces work discontinuously. This also has the disadvantage of significant downtime.
    It is therefore an object of the present invention to eliminate the above mentioned disadvantages and to improve the above mentioned induction method and electric furnace. In particular, it is an object of the present invention to provide an induction electric furnace which requires continuous and efficient melting of metal scrap particles and little maintenance.
    The present invention relates to a method and an induction furnace for melting fine metal particles and / or metal containing particles by induction heating, such as iron, copper, copper alloys and / or chips of aluminum and alloys thereof.
    1 is a cross-sectional view of one embodiment of an induction furnace according to the present invention.
    The object of the present invention is that metal particles are fed from the top onto the melt of the vessel of the furnace, in which the melt is mixed through an alternating magnetic field by a first magnetic coil (crucible coil, mixing coil) surrounding the vessel of the furnace. It is achieved by the method of the present invention that, while at the same time, the melt is heated in the lower region of the melt channel around the iron core of the low frequency transformer with a shorted secondary winding. The above-described method has the advantage of avoiding plasticity of the metal, by minimizing the amount of slack, by generating a strong mixing motion through the crucible coil to which the voltage according to the frequency of the supplied alternating voltage is applied. Thus, a melt channel in which no mixing action takes place can be optimally used in terms of its thermal efficiency. The method according to the invention achieves a substantial energy saving of about 20% as a whole.
    According to another feature of the process of the invention, the melt is continuously discharged through a siphon with an inlet opening into the vessel below the crucible coil, preferably at a rate corresponding to the rate of injection of the metal particles. This fact ensures that the constant level of the top surface of the melt is constant, so that the slack area is always in the same area of the wall of the furnace, and the thickening of the wall of the furnace in the crucible furnace and the associated cleaning operations are avoided. The melting process can be carried out continuously in a stable process.
    In comparison with the methods of the prior art, it is desirable to exclude the downtime for the measurement and setting of temperature, the removal of slack, the emptying and the cleaning. As a result of the invention, an increase in productivity of about 30% and a reduction of operating costs of about 10% are achieved. The availability of the device for production is substantially increased.
    As already mentioned, the method of the present invention makes it possible to use at least 50%, preferably 60% to 70%, of the total electrical heating energy to generate the melt in the channel and the rest in the crucible coil. Energy transfer allows higher thermal efficiencies to be used.
    Depending on the structure of the siphon, it can be heated if necessary.
    The melt is preferably discharged at an acute angle or perpendicular to the vertical plane from the outlet of the siphon, according to the principle of the communication tube. Thus, according to an additional feature of the invention, the siphon inlet is arranged with respect to the channel inductor so that the heating and mixing action is effective at the siphon inlet. This property makes it possible to transfer heat from the furnace through the melt into the siphon so that heating of the siphon is excluded. In the furnace vessel used, the level of melt is maintained at the same level as the outlet of the siphon. The melt flows from the siphon outlet into the ladle until the metal particles melt. Due to this continuous method, no cleaning of the walls of the furnace is required, thus eliminating downtime for the furnace.
    The diameter of the melt determined by the vessel of the furnace is preferably formed such that the diameter of the slag-free convex top surface of the melt formed by the mixing action is greater than twice the width of the ring of slack disposed at the edge of the vessel. . The diameter of the so-called crown with respect to the slack ring can be influenced by the frequency set by the crucible coil and the force of the alternating magnetic field. Because frequency promotes mixing, lower frequencies are advantageous in the line frequency range. In order to avoid scouring of the metal, the applied metal particles are provided exclusively on the slag-free convex top surface of the melt, preferably by funnel.
    According to a particular embodiment of the invention, the crucible coil is supplied with alternating current at a frequency of 50 to 250 kHz, preferably with a frequency of 50 to 120 kHz, and an alternating current with a frequency of 50 to 60 kHz.
    The apparatus according to the invention achieves the above object with the induction furnace of claim 10, wherein the furnace is formed as a crucible induction furnace in the upper region and the furnace is formed as a channel induction furnace in the lower region. do.
    Another suitable embodiment of the induction furnace is described in claims 11 to 17.
    Therefore, the induction furnace has a siphon having an inlet under the crucible coil in the induction crucible area. The siphon extends vertically or at an acute angle with respect to the vertical line and has an outlet above the crucible coil. This fact avoids the long flow path that otherwise flowable melt must pass from the furnace to the outlet. Moreover, this arrangement uses tropical flow and movement throughout the melt in the furnace.
    If desired, the siphon may be thermally insulated and / or heated by an induction or resistance heater. The outlet diameter of the siphon is preferably at least 150 mm.
    In another embodiment of the induction furnace, the ratio of mix-coil height to mix-coil diameter is 1: 2, which has a positive or negative dispersion up to ± 20%.
    In a first embodiment of the induction furnace according to the invention, the channels in the channel-path area are perpendicular to the siphon, and the channel inductors are horizontal. It is also possible to orient the channel inductor or channel as a whole at an angle to facilitate the flow of the melt towards the outlet of the siphon. Of course, the channel inductor may be arranged at 90 ° relative to the siphon.
    The induction furnace according to the invention has a single melting chamber 10, the upper region of which is surrounded by a water cooled crucible winding 11. The crucible itself has a heat resistant lining 12 according to the prior art. The lower region of the furnace is formed as channel 13 which is heated by channel inductor 14. The channel inductor 14 consists of a magnetic coil 15 around the iron core 16. This structure forms an upper region 17 that constitutes an induction crucible furnace and a lower region that becomes an induction channel furnace. Below the crucible coil 11 and above the channel 13, the induction electron path has an outlet, which is an opening 19 of the siphon 20 with a longitudinal axis extending at an acute angle with respect to the vertical line. An overflow outlet 21 of the siphon is disposed above the crucible coil 11. From there the melt can flow to ladle 21 or the like. Current is supplied via line 23 to the crucible coil 11 and the channel inductor 14. Induction furnaces and methods according to the invention function as follows:
    A loading device such as funnel 24 feeds the so-called crown 25 with a metal chip, which is the slack-free convex top of the melt surrounded by the slack ring 26. The supply of the metal chip is made in such a way that all the metal chips fall on the crown 25. The crucible coil, to which a voltage of 50 kHz to 120 kHz is applied, moves the melt such that metal particles or chips disposed on the crown 25 are incorporated into the melt. Thus, melting of the fine metal particles occurs in the melt, and calcination of the metal is avoided. Only about one third of the heat supplied to the induction furnace is applied to the crucible coil 11, and two thirds of that heat is preferably applied to the channel inductor 14. According to the principle of the communication tube, the siphon is formed with a column of melt up to the level of the melt top surface 25. When the induction furnace is charged as shown, the additional metal chips added generate a corresponding melt flow from the overblow 21. This process can be controlled so that its heat capacity is large enough to completely melt the added metal chip. In particular, chips that can be processed are iron, copper, aluminum and alloys thereof. The process of the invention can also be used for metal containing scrap found in the regeneration of waste materials such as ash, filter powder.
    In a practical embodiment, the induction furnace has a capacity of 2 kW, where 1100 kW is supplied to the channel and 900 kW is supplied to the crucible coil 11. 8 t / h of brass chips can be melted by proper dimensioning of the furnace. The device according to the invention is 20% more energy efficient than a typical crucible furnace.
    权利要求:
    Claims (18)
    [1" claim-type="Currently amended] In a method for melting fine metal particles and / or metal containing particles such as iron, copper, copper alloy and / or aluminum and chips of the alloy by induction heating,
    Metal particles are fed from the top onto the melt of the vessel of the furnace, in which the melt moves in a mixed motion through an alternating magnetic field by a first magnetic coil (crucible coil) 11 surrounding the vessel of the furnace, while the melt A method for melting fine metal particles and / or metal containing particles, characterized in that they are heated in the lower region of the melt channel (13) around the iron core (16) of a low frequency transformer with a shorted secondary winding.
    [2" claim-type="Currently amended] 2. The fine according to claim 1, wherein the melt is continuously discharged through a siphon 20 having an inlet opening 19 into the vessel below the crucible coil 11 at a rate corresponding to the rate of injection of the metal particles. A method for melting metal particles and / or metal containing particles.
    [3" claim-type="Currently amended] The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein at least 50%, preferably 60% to 70% of the total electrical heating energy is applied to the melt of the channel 13 and the rest is applied to the crucible coil 11. Characterized by a method for melting fine metal particles and / or metal containing particles.
    [4" claim-type="Currently amended] 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the siphon (20) is preferably heated by an induction or resistance heater. 5.
    [5" claim-type="Currently amended] The fine metal according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the melt is discharged at an acute angle or perpendicular to the vertical plane from the outlet 21 of the siphon 20, according to the principle of the communication tube. A method for melting particles and / or metal containing particles.
    [6" claim-type="Currently amended] 6. The fine metal particles and / or metal containing particles according to claim 5, wherein the siphon inlet 19 is arranged with respect to the crucible coil 11 so that the mixing motion of the melt at the siphon inlet 19 becomes effective. Method for melting.
    [7" claim-type="Currently amended] The diameter d of the melt determined by the vessel of the furnace is characterized in that the slag of the slag-free convex upper surface formed by the mixing action is disposed at the edge of the vessel. A method for melting fine metal particles and / or metal containing particles, characterized in that it is formed to be larger than twice the width of the ring of (26).
    [8" claim-type="Currently amended] 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the metal particles are provided exclusively on the slack-free convex top surface 25 of the melt, preferably by funnels. 9. Way.
    [9" claim-type="Currently amended] The crucible coil 11 is supplied with alternating current at a frequency of 50 to 250 Hz, preferably at a frequency of 50 to 120 Hz, and the channel inductor 14 according to any one of claims 1 to 8. An alternating current at a frequency of kHz is supplied, the method for melting fine metal particles and / or metal containing particles.
    [10" claim-type="Currently amended] In an induction furnace for continuously melting fine metal particles and / or metal containing particles, such as chips of iron, copper and / or aluminum and alloys thereof, in the upper region 17 having a single chamber 10 the furnace is Induction furnace, characterized in that it is formed as a crucible induction furnace, and in the lower region (18) the furnace is formed as a channel type induction furnace.
    [11" claim-type="Currently amended] 12. The induction furnace according to claim 10, characterized by a siphon (20) having an inlet below the crucible coil (11) of the region (17) of the induction crucible.
    [12" claim-type="Currently amended] 12. The induction furnace according to claim 11, wherein the siphon (20) extends at an acute angle or perpendicular to a vertical line and has an outlet (21) above the crucible coil (11).
    [13" claim-type="Currently amended] 13. The induction furnace of claim 12, wherein the siphon (20) is thermally insulated and / or heated by an induction or resistance heater.
    [14" claim-type="Currently amended] The induction furnace according to claim 12 or 13, wherein the siphon outlet has a diameter of at least 150 mm.
    [15" claim-type="Currently amended] The induction furnace according to claim 10, wherein the ratio of mix-coil height to mix-coil diameter is 1: 2 (± 20%).
    [16" claim-type="Currently amended] Induction furnace according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the channel (13) of the channel-path region (18) is perpendicular to the siphon (20).
    [17" claim-type="Currently amended] 17. The induction furnace according to any of claims 10 to 16, wherein the channel inducer (14) is horizontal to the axis of the siphon or angled to the axis of the siphon.
    [18" claim-type="Currently amended] 17. The induction furnace according to any one of claims 10 to 16, wherein the channel inductor (14) is arranged at 90 ° with respect to the vertical line.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    EP1055354B1|2002-06-12|
    JP2002503875A|2002-02-05|
    KR100556715B1|2006-03-10|
    WO1999041951A1|1999-08-19|
    US6240120B1|2001-05-29|
    DE19805644A1|1999-08-26|
    EP1055354A1|2000-11-29|
    DE19805644C2|2001-03-22|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    法律状态:
    1998-02-12|Priority to DE19805644A
    1998-02-12|Priority to DE19805644.3
    1999-01-22|Application filed by 프리드헬름 폼베르그, 인두가 인두스트리에외펜 운트 기제라이-안라겐 게엠베하 운트 코. 카게
    2001-05-15|Publication of KR20010040915A
    2006-03-10|Application granted
    2006-03-10|Publication of KR100556715B1
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    DE19805644A|DE19805644C2|1998-02-12|1998-02-12|Process and induction furnace for the continuous melting of small-sized metal and / or metal-containing bulk goods|
    DE19805644.3|1998-02-12|
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